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LIN ( Local Interconnect Network) is a used for communication between components in vehicles. The need for a cheap serial network arose as the technologies and the facilities implemented in the car grew, while the was too expensive to implement for every component in the car. European car manufacturers started using different serial communication topologies, which led to compatibility problems. In the late 1990s, the LIN Consortium was founded by five automakers (,,,, ), with the technologies supplied (networking and hardware expertise) from Volcano Automotive Group and. The first fully implemented version of the new LIN specification (LIN version 1.3) was published in November 2002. In September 2003, version 2.0 was introduced to expand capabilities and make provisions for additional diagnostics features. LIN may be used also over the vehicle's battery with a special LIN over DC powerline (DC-LIN) transceiver.
LIN over DC powerline (DC-LIN) is being standardized as ISO/AWI 17987-8. Emco Msi Package Builder Professional 5 Crack. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Network topology [ ] LIN is a network comprising 16 nodes (one master and typically up to 15 slaves).
All messages are initiated by the master with at most one slave replying to a given message identifier. The master node can also act as a slave by replying to its own messages.
Because all communications are initiated by the master it is not necessary to implement a detection. The master and slaves are typically, but may be implemented in specialized hardware or in order to save cost, space, or power. Current uses combine the low-cost efficiency of LIN and simple sensors to create small networks.
These sub-systems can be connected by back-bone-network (i.e. CAN in cars). Overview [ ] The LIN bus is an inexpensive serial communications protocol, which effectively supports remote application within a car's network. It is particularly intended for mechatronic nodes in distributed automotive applications, but is equally suited to industrial applications.
It is intended to complement the existing CAN network leading to hierarchical networks within cars. In the late 1990s the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) Consortium was founded by five European automakers, (Formerly Volcano Automotive Group) and (Formerly, now ). The first fully implemented version of the new LIN specification was published in November 2002 as LIN version 1.3. In September 2003 version 2.0 was introduced to expand configuration capabilities and make provisions for significant additional diagnostics features and tool interfaces.
The protocol’s main features are listed below: • Single master, up to 16 slaves (i.e. No bus arbitration).
This is the value recommended by the LIN Consortium to achieve deterministic time response. • Slave Node Position Detection (SNPD) allows node address assignment after power-up • Single wire communications up to 19.2 kbit/s @ 40 bus length. In the LIN specification 2.2, the speed up to 20 kbit/s. • Guaranteed latency times. • Variable length of data frame (2, 4 and 8 byte). • Configuration flexibility. • Multi-cast reception with time synchronization, without crystals.
• Data checksum and error detection. • Detection of defective nodes. • Low cost silicon implementation based on standard / hardware. • Enabler for hierarchical networks. • Operating voltage of 12 V. Data is transferred across the bus in fixed form messages of selectable lengths.
The master task transmits a header that consists of a break signal followed by synchronization and identifier fields. The slaves respond with a data frame that consists of between 2, 4 and 8 data bytes plus 3 bytes of control information. LIN message frame [ ] A message contains the following fields: • Synchronization break • Synchronization byte • Identifier byte • Data bytes • Checksum byte Frame types [ ] • Unconditional frame. These always carry signals and their identifiers are in the range 0 to 59 (0x00 to 0x3b).
All subscribers of the unconditional frame shall receive the frame and make it available to the application (assuming no errors were detected). • Event-triggered frame.
The purpose of this is to increase the responsiveness of the LIN cluster without assigning too much of the bus bandwidth to the polling of multiple slave nodes with seldom occurring events. The first data byte of the carried unconditional frame shall be equal to a protected identifier assigned to an event-triggered frame. A slave shall reply with an associated unconditional frame only if its data value has changed. If none of the slave tasks responds to the header the rest of the frame slot is silent and the header is ignored. If more than one slave task responds to the header in the same frame slot a collision will occur, and the master has to resolve the collision by requesting all associated unconditional frames before requesting the event-triggered frame again. • Sporadic frame. This frame is transmitted by the master as required, so a collision cannot occur.